Glaucoma
This is one of the most insidious diseases of the visual organ - increased intraocular pressure. The patient practically does not notice the progress of the glaucoma process and very often turns to the ophthalmologist with an already advanced stage of glaucoma.
This happens because the changes are practically imperceptible over time. Without any symptoms or pain, the patient practically goes blind and comes to us when we cannot improve his vision, but only fight to preserve what remains.
How does glaucoma develop?
The eye is a closed cavity containing a lens and other anatomical structures, some of which are nourished by the circulation of intraocular fluid. The vitreous body works as a hydraulic pump to ensure that water constantly circulates in the eye. Excess intraocular fluid leaves the eye through the veins - emissary veins.
For various reasons, the drainage tubes through which fluid leaves the eye become clogged and intraocular pressure begins to increase: intraocular fluid puts pressure on the optic nerve, disrupting the flow of oxygen and nutrients to all anatomical areas of the eye. Nerve cells begin to die irreversibly.
Any nerve cells in our body need oxygen and glucose every second. If intraocular pressure is elevated and nutrition is not supplied, nerve cells die irreversibly.
For various reasons, the drainage tubes through which fluid leaves the eye become clogged and intraocular pressure begins to increase: intraocular fluid puts pressure on the optic nerve, disrupting the flow of oxygen and nutrients to all anatomical areas of the eye. Nerve cells begin to die irreversibly.
Any nerve cells in our body need oxygen and glucose every second. If intraocular pressure is elevated and nutrition is not supplied, nerve cells die irreversibly.
Diagnosis of glaucoma
In glaucoma, a person's field of vision narrows.
Nowadays there are methods that allow evaluating the patient's visual fields by computer method on special equipment. However, when a patient is diagnosed with irreversible narrowing of the visual fields, it is too late - glaucoma has developed. It is necessary to "catch glaucoma" at earlier stages. For this purpose another technology is used - optical coherence tomography.
This diagnostic study allows you to notice glaucoma changes even before the narrowing of the visual fields. The tomograph shows the number of nerve cells that have either died or begun to be damaged.
Nowadays there are methods that allow evaluating the patient's visual fields by computer method on special equipment. However, when a patient is diagnosed with irreversible narrowing of the visual fields, it is too late - glaucoma has developed. It is necessary to "catch glaucoma" at earlier stages. For this purpose another technology is used - optical coherence tomography.
This diagnostic study allows you to notice glaucoma changes even before the narrowing of the visual fields. The tomograph shows the number of nerve cells that have either died or begun to be damaged.
Treatment of glaucoma
Several stages of treatment can be distinguished:
When the previous methods do not help patients are prescribed fistulizing glaucoma surgery.
Various types of drainage systems are used in the surgery to improve the outflow of intraocular fluid.
- At the first stage, eye drops that reduce intraocular pressure are prescribed. Their work allows either to reduce the production of intraocular fluid, or to improve its outflow through the vena cava.
- If eye drops to reduce intraocular pressure fail, it's time for laser treatment. The laser is used to clear the channels through which intraocular fluid exits the eye.
When the previous methods do not help patients are prescribed fistulizing glaucoma surgery.
Various types of drainage systems are used in the surgery to improve the outflow of intraocular fluid.
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